ACID-INDUCED NECROSIS OF DENTAL HARD TISSUES AND ITS PREVENTION

Acid-induced necrosis of dental hard tissues, commonly described as dental erosion or acid necrosis, is a progressive pathological process characterized by chemical dissolution of enamel and dentin caused by intrinsic or extrinsic acids. Unlike dental caries, this condition develops independently of bacterial metabolism. Frequent exposure to dietary acids, gastric reflux, occupational hazards, and decreased salivary protection contributes to the development and progression of erosive lesions. Clinically, acid necrosis may present with enamel softening, dentin hypersensitivity, structural loss, and severe functional impairment. Prevention remains the cornerstone of management and includes early diagnosis, dietary control, salivary protection, fluoride therapy, and remineralization strategies. This review summarizes etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and modern preventive approaches for acid-induced damage to dental hard tissues.