Biochemical measures (mean ± SD) of vitamin D status, bone turnover and metabolism in patients and controls with different bone status.

Low BM: low bone mass; osteoporosis or osteopenia, mean diff: mean difference, 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, PTH: parathyroid hormone, ionCa: ionized calcium, bALP: bone alkaline phosphatase, NTX: cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen. Comparison of groups was calculated using independent two-tailed t test. CI: confidence interval.