Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes leads to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

Healthy volunteers were offered one defined fiber-rich diet (FRD) and one defined fiber-poor diet (FPD), both consumed for 5 consecutive days. Stool samples were collected at the end of each dietary switch (i.e. end of fiber-rich, FRD and fiber-poor diet, FPD phases). Shotgun metagenomics and fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice were performed.