Effect of nuts on anthropometric and glycemic indexes and blood pressure in secondary cardiovascular prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Context: Nut-enriched diets have a positive impact on cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. However, studies on individuals undergoing secondary cardiovascular prevention show controversial results.
Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the effect of nuts supplementation on anthropometric, glycemic, and blood pressure indices in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as the frequency of adverse events.
Data Sources: Six databases were used for the search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, BVS, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions.
Data Extraction: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions methodology and the PICO strategy were used. Seven independent reviewers were involved in data extraction and resolution of disagreements. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.