A Multidimensional Approach to the Relationship between Individualism-Collectivism and Guilt and Shame

Supplemental files for:
Young, I. F., Razavi, P., Cohen, T. R., Yang, Q., Alabèrnia-Segura, M., Sullivan, D. (2021). A multidimensional approach to the relationship between individualism-collectivism and guilt and shame. Emotion, 21(1), 108-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000689

Guilt and shame proneness are commonly thought to be associated with culture, yet research on this relationship is fragmented and often inconsistent. In a comprehensive review of the existing social scientific literature, we demonstrate that no consistent relationship between guilt and shame, on the one hand, and individualism and collectivism, on the other, has yet been established. To move this research area forward, we apply a new two-dimensional, quaternary perspective to both guilt/shame and cultural orientation. Specifically, both evaluative and behavioral dimensions of guilt and shame are considered using the Guilt and Shame Proneness scale (GASP; Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011), as well as the degree of hierarchy (i.e., horizontality-verticality) in individuals’ cultural orientation (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). A study of individuals from five countries (US, India, China, Iran, and Spain; total N = 1,466) confirmed our hypotheses that individuals culturally socialized to be more interpersonally oriented (i.e., horizontal collectivism) are more motivated to engage in reparative action following transgressions, whereas those culturally socialized to be more attuned to power, status, and competition (i.e., vertical individualism) are more likely to withdraw from threatening interpersonal situations, and that these relationships are stronger than corresponding relationships with guilt- and shame-related evaluations. In addition to supporting these hypotheses, our data also provide the first cross-cultural evidence regarding the invariance of the GASP.

补充文件于：

Young, I. F., Razavi, P., Cohen, T. R., Yang, Q., Alabèrnia-Segura, M., Sullivan, D. (2021). 对个体主义-集体主义与罪恶感与羞耻感之间关系的多维方法研究。情感，21(1)，108-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000689

罪恶感与羞耻感的倾向性常被认为是与文化相关的，然而，关于这种关系的现有研究却呈现出碎片化且往往不一致的态势。在对现有社会科学文献进行全面综述的基础上，我们证实了罪恶感与羞耻感，一方面，与个体主义和集体主义，另一方面，之间尚未建立起一致的关系。为推进该研究领域的进展，我们采用了一种新的二维、四象限视角，对罪恶感/羞耻感以及文化取向进行考察。具体而言，我们运用罪恶感与羞耻感倾向性量表（GASP；Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011）对罪恶感与羞耻感的评价和行为维度进行了考量，同时，也对个体文化取向中的等级程度（即水平-垂直性）进行了分析（Triandis & Gelfand, 1998）。对来自五个国家（美国、印度、中国、伊朗和西班牙；总样本量 N = 1,466）的个体进行研究，证实了我们的假设：在文化上被社会化以更加注重人际关系的个体（即水平集体主义）在违规行为后更有动机进行补救行为，而那些在文化上被社会化以更加关注权力、地位和竞争的个体（即垂直个体主义）更有可能从威胁性的人际情境中退缩，并且这些关系比与罪恶感和羞耻感相关评价的关系更为强烈。除了支持这些假设之外，我们的数据还提供了关于 GASP 的文化不变性的首次跨文化证据。