LGBTQ Europe: experience of discrimination due to being LGBT in past 12 months 2019

Discrimination against members of the LGBT Community is present in all European countries. The extent to which this discrimination affects gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or other queer identifying people in their day-to-day lives varies by country and region in the continent. In general, the countries of northern and north-western Europe show a smaller share of LGBT survey respondents saying they have experienced discrimination in the prior year. Denmark and Finland both have less than a third of queer respondents saying they experienced discrimination based on their sexuality, with Czechia coming being the third least homophobic country in Europe in this respect. Czechia and Estonia are the only two post-communist countries in Europe to show lower levels of homophobia than the EU average, perhaps being related to their extremely low levels of religiosity compared to other former Eastern bloc countries, and their relatively high levels of economic well-being. In terms of countries in Europe where discrimination is more widespread, there is a clear trend towards post-communist countries, particularly where religious adherence is stronger, as well as countries in south-eastern Europe. Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Greece all have more than half of LGBT respondents agreeing that they experienced discrimination, with other notable countries which rank above the EU average including Poland and Germany. Poland's conservative government have come in for criticism since they took office in 2015 for being particularly vocal against LGBT rights, having enacted laws which ban schools from teaching children about LGBT issues, make it more difficult for gay or lesbian couples to adopt, and having proposed a constitutional amendment which would outlaw gay marriage.

LGBT群体在欧洲各国均遭受歧视现象。该歧视对同性恋、女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别或认同为其他酷儿身份的人在日常生活中产生的影响程度因国度和地区而异。总体而言，北欧和西北欧的国家中，表示在过去一年内遭受歧视的LGBT调查受访者比例较小。丹麦和芬兰的酷儿受访者中表示遭受基于性取向歧视的比例均不到三分之一，捷克共和国在此方面成为欧洲第三少反同性恋的国家。捷克共和国和爱沙尼亚是欧洲仅有的两个在同性恋恐惧症水平上低于欧盟平均水平的后共产主义国家，这可能与它们与其他前东欧国家相比宗教信仰程度极低，以及经济福祉相对较高有关。在欧洲，歧视现象更为普遍的国家中，明显趋势是后共产主义国家，尤其是宗教信仰较强的国家，以及东南欧国家。立陶宛、保加利亚和希腊的LGBT受访者中有超过一半的人表示经历过歧视，其他排名高于欧盟平均水平的国家还包括波兰和德国。自2015年执政以来，波兰保守政府因特别强烈反对LGBT权利而受到批评，他们通过了禁止学校教育儿童有关LGBT问题的法律，使同性恋或女同性恋伴侣的收养更加困难，并提出了宪法修正案，该修正案将同性婚姻定为非法。