Overall treatment failure in subgroups.

1RD = absolute risk difference (%).2Heterogeneity was tested with a likelihood ratio test based on a logistic regression model that included an interaction between treatment effect and subgroup.3Two patients with Pleisiomonas and Morganella infections (both in the ciprofloxacin group) are not included.4Nalidixic acid resistance status was not available for two patients with Shigella infections.