Associative learning depends on contingency, the degree to which a stimulus predicts an outcome. Despite its importance, the neural mechanisms linking contingency to behavior remain elusive. In the pr
The goal of this assay is to investigate the signaling pathways involved in dopamine’s promotion on Th2 differentiation and proliferation and to clarify the role of dopaminergic nerve innervation in n
Additional file 1: Table S1. Encoding and expression profiles of transcripts. Table S2. Expression profiles of phosphatase subunit genes. Table S3. Encoding and expression profiles of transcripts. Gen
Dopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signalAnimals’ choice behavior is characterized by two main tendencies: taking actions that led to rewards and repeating past actio