2024−2025 Dataset of Air and Soil Temperature and Humidity for Greenhouse-Grown Vegetables in Beijing

The data in this dataset were obtained from two adjacent brick-wall solar greenhouses with identical structures at the Beijing Xiaotangshan National Precision Agriculture Research and Demonstration Base. The greenhouses are located at 116.450659°E, 40.180366°N, with a length of 50 m (cultivation area length 46.7 m) × width of 7 m (area 350 m²), a back wall height of 2.5 m, and a ridge height of 3.7 m. The greenhouses adopt an east-west ridge soil planting method, with a total of 4 ridges, each 46.7 meters long. Sensors are arranged in the middle of the second ridge. "Greenhouse Doll II" greenhouse air temperature and humidity sensors and "DZN2" soil moisture sensors were used to collect data on air temperature and humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature in the greenhouse. The "DZN2" soil moisture sensor can simultaneously obtain soil moisture and temperature data at 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm depths, and the sensors used are shown in Figure 1. The "Greenhouse Doll II" has an air temperature collection error of ≤±0.2℃ and an air humidity collection error of ≤±2%; the "DZN2" has a soil moisture error of ≤±3% and a soil temperature error of ≤±0.5℃. Data on the greenhouse environment and soil moisture during the planting of fruit vegetables (tomatoes), melon vegetables (cucumbers), and leafy vegetables (fast-growing vegetables) were collected respectively. The tomato variety planted is 'Jingcai No.8', with 1 set of "Greenhouse Doll II" and "DZN2" arranged in the middle of the greenhouse; the cucumber variety planted is 'Zhongnong No.26', with the same sensor arrangement as that for tomato planting; the fast-growing vegetable variety is 'Jingyan Fast-growing Vegetable', with the same sensor arrangement as that for tomato planting. The collection interval for greenhouse air temperature and humidity data is 5 minutes, and that for soil moisture data is 15 minutes. A total of 34,256 data records were obtained from the spring tomato cultivation experiment, 48,208 data records from the autumn tomato cultivation experiment, 60,450 data records from the cucumber cultivation experiment, and 8,196 data records from the fast-growing vegetable cultivation experiment.