Spatial phylogenetics of the native Colombian flora

This dataset underpins the first nationwide analysis of spatial phylogenetic diversity and endemism in Colombia’s native vascular flora. Using 278,551 georeferenced records and DNA-based phylogenies comprising 8,337 species, 1,839 genera, and 266 families, we identified 17 centers of phylogenetic diversity. Randomization tests revealed pronounced clustering, with the Andes harboring the highest evolutionary diversity and endemism. Our phylogentic results show that high elevation areas tend to have more short-range restricted lineages or neoendemism centres (cradles); mid-to high elevations areas act as a mix of both biodiversity cradles and museums; while lowlands more often preserve ancient lineages with long branches or paleoendemism centres (museums). Three major phylogenetically distinct biogeographic regions emerged: Andean region with 2 clusters, and lowlands  with cluster 1.