Table_1_Metabolome and Microbiome Signatures in the Leaves of Wild Tea Plant Resources Resistant to Pestalotiopsis theae.xlsx

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important crop that is mainly used in the food industry. This study using the metabolome and microbiome investigates the resistance factors of wild tea plant resources against tea gray blight disease, which is caused by Pestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Steyaert. According to the interaction analysis of tea leaves and pathogenic fungus, the resistance of wild tea plant resource “R1” (Resistance 1) to tea gray blight disease was significantly higher than that of wild tea plant resource “S1” (Susceptibility 1). The difference between “R1” and “S1” in the metabolome was obvious. There were 145 metabolites that significantly changed. The phenolic acids and flavonoids were the major increased categories in “R1,” and it included 4-O-glucosyl-sinapate and petunidin-3-o-(6”-o-p-coumaroyl) rutinoside. Six metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. In terms of bacteria, there was no significant difference between “S1” and “R1” in the principal component analysis (PCA). Pseudomonas was the major bacterial genus in “S1” and “R1.” In addition, each of the two resources had its own predominant genus: Cellvibirio was a predominant bacterial genus in “S1” and Candidatus_competibacter was a predominant bacterial genus in “R1.” In terms of fungi, the fungal diversity and the abundance of the two tea plant resource samples could be distinguished clearly. The fungal component of “S1” was more abundant than that of “R1” at the genus level. Toxicocladosporium was the predominant fungal genus of “S1,” and Filobasidium was the predominant fungal genus of “R1.” The relative abundance of unclassified-norank-norank-Chloroplast and Penicillium were significantly different between “S1” and “R1.” Penicillium was identified as a potential biomarker. They correlated with some metabolites enriched in “S1” or “R1,” such as L-arginine and quercetin-3-o-(2”-o-rhamnosyl) rutinoside-7-o-glucoside. Overall, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and Penicillium could be functional metabolites or microorganisms that contributed to improving the resistance of wild tea plant resources to tea gray blight disease.

茶（Camellia sinensis）作为一种重要的作物，在食品工业中占据着举足轻重的地位。本研究利用代谢组和微生物组技术，探讨了野生茶树资源对茶灰斑病的抗性机制，该病由 Pestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Steyaert 引起。通过分析茶叶与病原真菌的相互作用，发现野生茶树资源“R1”（抗性1）对茶灰斑病的抗性显著高于野生茶树资源“S1”（易感性1）。在代谢组水平上，“R1”与“S1”之间的差异显著，共有145种代谢物发生了显著变化。在“R1”中，酚酸和黄酮类物质为主要升高的类别，包括4-O-葡萄糖基-异硫氰酸酯和天竺葵苷-3-O-(6'-O-香草酰)芸香糖苷。共富集了6个代谢通路，包括氨基酰-tRNA生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成。在细菌方面，主成分分析（PCA）显示“S1”和“R1”之间没有显著差异。在“S1”和“R1”中，假单胞菌是主要的细菌属。此外，两种资源各自拥有其优势菌属：在“S1”中，纤维单胞菌是优势菌属，而在“R1”中，Candidatus_competibacter 是优势菌属。在真菌方面，两个茶树资源样本的真菌多样性和丰度可以清晰区分。在属水平上，“S1”的真菌组分比“R1”更为丰富。毒节霉菌是“S1”中的优势真菌属，而丝孢酵母是“R1”中的优势真菌属。未分类-无等级-无等级-叶绿体和青霉菌在“S1”和“R1”之间的相对丰度存在显著差异。青霉菌被鉴定为潜在的生物标志物，它与“S1”或“R1”中富集的一些代谢物相关，如L-精氨酸和槲皮素-3-O-(2'-O-鼠李糖基)芸香糖苷-7-O-葡萄糖苷。总体而言，酚酸、黄酮和青霉菌可能是功能代谢物或微生物，它们有助于提高野生茶树资源对茶灰斑病的抗性。