Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2): Neuroscience Project, 2004-2009

The Neuroscience study is Project 5 of the MIDUS longitudinal study, a national survey of more than 7,000 Americans (aged 25 to 74) begun in 1994. The purpose of the larger study was to investigate the role of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in understanding age-related differences in physical and mental health. With support from the National Institute on Aging, a longitudinal follow-up of the original MIDUS samples [core sample (N = 3,487), metropolitan over-samples (N = 757), twins (N = 957 pairs), and siblings (N = 950)] was conducted in 2004-2006. The Neuroscience Project of MIDUS 2 contains data from 331 respondents. These respondents include two distinct subsamples, all of whom completed both the Project 1 Survey and the Project 4 biomarker assessment at University of Wisconsin-Madison: (1) longitudinal (n = 223) and (2) Milwaukee (n = 108). The Milwaukee group contained individuals who participated in the baseline MIDUS Milwaukee study, initiated in 2005. The purpose of the Neuroscience Project was to examine the central circuitry associated with individual differences in affective style that represent a continuum from vulnerability to resilience, and characterize some of the peripheral consequences of these central profiles for biological systems that may be relevant to health. The primary aims were to: (1) characterize individual differences in both emotional reactivity and emotional recovery using psychophysiological measures such as corrugator electromyography and eyeblink startle magnitude, (2) characterize individual differences in brain morphology, in particular amygdala and hippocampal volume, using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (3) characterize individual differences in activity within the neural circuitry of emotion regulation using both electroencephalography and fMRI, and (4) test the ability of the central indices in this project to predict the comprehensive array of health, cognitive, psychological, social, and life challenge factors assessed in the other MIDUS projects. To probe individual differences in emotional reactivity and recovery (a key component of regulation) the Neuroscience Project examined both psychophysiological and fMRI measures during the presentation of emotional (positive and negative) and neutral pictures, and these same measures during a post-picture period. The logic of this strategy is that continued activation during the recovery period following a negative stimulus is indicative of poor automatic emotion regulation. Respondents in the Neuroscience Project are a representative subsample of the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) survey. National respondents in the Neuroscience Project are a representative subsample of the MIDUS 2 survey sample (#4652). The raw neuro-imaging data are not available through NACDA/ICPSR; please see the README file for more information about how to obtain them.

神经科学研究是MIDUS纵向研究中的第五个项目，该研究始于1994年，是一项针对超过7,000名美国公民（年龄介于25至74岁之间）的全国性调查。该研究的总体目标在于探究行为、心理和社会因素在理解与年龄相关的身心健康差异中所扮演的角色。在获得美国老龄化国家研究所的支持下，于2004至2006年对原始MIDUS样本（核心样本[N = 3,487]、都市地区超样本[N = 757]、双胞胎[N = 957对]和兄弟姐妹[N = 950]）进行了纵向跟踪调查。MIDUS 2的神经科学项目包含了331名受访者的数据。这些受访者可分为两个不同的子样本，他们均完成了威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Project 1调查和Project 4生物标志物评估：（1）纵向样本（n = 223）和（2）密尔沃基样本（n = 108）。密尔沃基样本包括在2005年启动的MIDUS密尔沃基基准研究中参与的人员。神经科学项目的目的在于检验与情感风格个体差异相关的中枢回路，这些差异代表了从脆弱性到弹性的连续体，并描述这些中枢特征对生物系统（可能与健康相关）的一些外围影响。主要目标包括：（1）利用皱眉肌电图和眼睑眨动震幅等生理心理指标，描述情感反应性和恢复性的个体差异；（2）利用结构磁共振成像（MRI）描述大脑形态学差异，特别是杏仁核和海马体体积；（3）利用脑电图和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）描述情感调节神经回路中的个体差异；（4）检验本项目中的中枢指标预测其他MIDUS项目中评估的健康、认知、心理、社会和生命挑战因素综合阵列的能力。为了探究情感反应性和恢复性（调节的关键组成部分）的个体差异，神经科学项目在呈现情感（积极和消极）和中性图片期间，以及图片展示后的恢复期，考察了生理心理和fMRI指标。这一策略的逻辑在于，在负面刺激后的恢复期中持续的激活表明自动情绪调节能力不足。神经科学项目的受访者是MIDUS（美国中产阶级）调查的代表性子样本。国家层面的受访者是MIDUS 2调查样本（#4652）的代表性子样本。原始神经影像数据通过NACDA/ICPSR不可获取；请参阅README文件获取有关获取这些数据的更多信息。