High resolution aerosol-related concentrations measured in the archived Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice core from 2100 to 2365 meter depth, 2024

The overall objective of this research is to (1) develop high resolution measurements of a range of aerosol-related elements, chemical species, and isotopes in archived Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice corresponding to Greenland stadial and interstadial events 5 through 12 from the last Glacial period, and (2) use these measurements -- together with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem atmospheric chemistry and other models -- to better understand climate processes and feedbacks underlying rapid climate change events and atmospheric chemistry during the last Glacial with particular focus on biomass burning emissions. Here we report high resolution (approximately annual) and decadal-scale measurements of water stable isotopic ratios, refractory black carbon concentration and particle size, semi-quantitative insoluble particle mass concentration, as well as ammonium, sea-salt sodium and non-sea-salt calcium concentrations measured from 2100 to 2365 meter (m) depth in the GISP2 core. These data ,as well as a modified "simple" atmospheric transport model, were used initially to evaluate aerosol emissions, transport, and deposition during rapid climate change events GI 5 through GI 12 (Liu et al., 2024).