Perspectives of intrauterine artificial insemination applicability in gilts

ABSTRACT: The application of the intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI) technique allows optimization of a swine production system due to the reductions in volume and number of sperm cells in the insemination dose, and by reducing the time taken to perform the insemination. However, IUAI is not recommended for gilts due to the difficulty of intrauterine cannula passage through the cervix. This difficulty is associated mainly with the fact that the reproductive tract is smaller in gilts than in pluriparous females. However, few studies have evaluated the application of IUAI in gilts. In these studies, there are variations in approach concerning the definition of the success rate for cannula passage through the cervix, the type of cannula and the body characteristics of the gilts used, making it difficult to extrapolate the recommendation for the use of IUAI in gilts. Considering the evidence that such characteristics influence or even determine the success of the application of IUAI, there is a necessity for an understanding of the influence of these factors in the improvement and later application of the technique. Gilts represent about 15-20% of the breeding group, and the use of IUAI could optimize the processes of insemination on farms. The approach used in this review highlights the aspects that could aid in structuring further studies for improving IUAI in gilts, allowing its use on commercial farms.

摘要：宫腔内人工授精（IUAI）技术的应用有助于优化猪的生产体系，这是因为通过减少授精剂中精子的体积和数量，以及缩短授精操作所需的时间。然而，由于通过宫颈进行宫腔导管插入的难度较大，因此不建议在后备母猪中使用IUAI。这种难度主要与后备母猪的生殖道相较于多次产仔母猪更为狭窄有关。尽管如此，关于在后备母猪中应用IUAI的研究寥寥无几。在这些研究中，关于导管通过宫颈的成功率定义、导管类型以及所用后备母猪的体型特征等方面存在方法上的差异，这使得难以推广IUAI在后备母猪中的使用建议。考虑到此类特征可能影响甚至决定IUAI应用的成功，有必要了解这些因素对技术改进及后期应用的影响。后备母猪约占繁殖群体的15-20%，IUAI的应用能够优化农场中的授精流程。本综述所采用的方法突出了有助于构建进一步研究以改善后备母猪IUAI的方面，从而使其能够在商业农场中得到应用。