fig6

Figure 6. Conflict events against the state in countries with high rates of electricity poverty (2016-2020). Of the 97 countries with electrification rates below 100%, 46 have experienced conflict events against the state between 2016-2020. The heat scale shows the number of conflict events in each country, while the green dots display the actual location of each battle. Risk zones based on a clustered convex hull analysis of the battle events are shown with a hashed pattern. In grey, countries that were removed from this analysis (complete electrification rate).