Climate indicators for Europe from 1940 to 2100 derived from reanalysis and climate projections

This dataset provides a series of climate indices derived from reanalysis and model simulations data hosted on the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS). These indicators describe how climate variability and change of essential climate variables can impact sectors such as health, agriculture, forestry, energy, tourism, or water and coastal management.
Those indices are relevant for adaptation planning at the European and national level and their development was driven by the European Environment Agency (EEA) to address informational needs of climate change adaptation national initiatives across the EU and partner countries as expressed by user requirements and stakeholder consultation. The indices cover the hazard categories introduced by the IPCC and the European Topic Centre on Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation (ETC-CCA). They are also made available interactively through CDS Toolbox public visualisation apps on the European Climate Data Explorer hosted on EEA’s Climate-adapt site.
The indices are either downloaded from the CDS where available, or calculated through a specific CDS Toolbox workflow. In this way both the calculations and the resulting data are fully traceable. As they come from different datasets the underlying climate data differ in their technical specification (type and number of climate and impact models involved, bias-corrected or not, periods covered etc.). An effort was made in the dataset selection to limit the heterogeneity of the underlying dataset as ideally the indices should come from the same dataset with identical specifications.
The indices related to temperature, precipitation and wind (20 out of 30) were calculated from atmospheric variables in the same datasets: 'Climate and energy indicators for Europe from 2005 to 2100 derived from climate projections', and 'ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present'. The other indices are directly available from CDS datasets generated by specific theme projects. More information about this dataset can be found in the documentation.
The underlying datasets hosted on the CDS are:

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present - used to calculate most of the temperature, precipitation and wind speed indicators as it provides the historical and observation based baseline used to monitor the indicators.
Climate and energy indicators for Europe from 2005 to 2100 derived from climate projections - used to calculate most of the temperature, precipitation and wind speed indicators as it provides bias-corrected sub-daily data. It is used for all the indicators except those specified in the following datasets below.
Fire danger indicators for Europe from 1970 to 2098 derived from climate projections - provides the high fire danger days and fire weather indicators.
Hydrology-related climate impact indicators from 1970 to 2100 derived from bias adjusted European climate projections - provides the river flood, river discharge, aridity actual, and mean soil moisture indicators.
Mountain tourism meteorological and snow indicators for Europe from 1950 to 2100 derived from reanalysis and climate projections - provides the snowfall amount index.
Water level change indicators for the European coast from 1977 to 2100 derived from climate projections - provides the relative sea level rise and extreme sea level indicators.

This dataset was produced on behalf of the Copernicus Climate Change Service.

本数据集提供了一系列基于再分析和模型模拟数据（存储于哥白尼气候变化数据存储库，简称CDS）所推导的气候指数。这些指标描绘了关键气候变量的变率和变化如何影响诸如健康、农业、林业、能源、旅游、水资源及沿海管理等众多领域。该指数对于欧洲及国家层面的适应规划至关重要，其开发由欧洲环境局（EEA）主导，旨在满足欧盟及其合作伙伴国家在气候变化适应国家倡议中的信息需求，这些需求通过用户需求和利益相关者咨询得到体现。这些指数涵盖了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）和欧洲气候变化影响、脆弱性与适应专题中心（ETC-CCA）所引入的危害类别。它们亦可通过CDS工具箱公共可视化应用程序，在EEA的气候适应网站上互动获取。这些指数或从CDS下载（如有提供），或通过特定的CDS工具箱工作流程进行计算。以此方式，计算过程及产生的数据均可追溯。由于源自不同的数据集，其基础气候数据在技术规范上存在差异（涉及气候和影响模型的类型和数量、是否进行了偏差校正、覆盖的时期等）。在数据集选择过程中，努力限制了基础数据集的异质性，因为理想情况下，这些指数应源自具有相同规格的同一数据集。与温度、降水和风速相关的指数（占30个中的20个）是从同一数据集中的大气变量计算得出：'2005年至2100年欧洲气候预测的气候和能源指标'，以及'1940年至现在的ERA5单层小时数据'。其他指数则直接从CDS数据集中获取，这些数据集由特定的主题项目生成。更多关于此数据集的信息可在文档中找到。存储在CDS上的基础数据集包括：

- 从1940年至现在的ERA5单层小时数据 - 用于计算大部分温度、降水和风速指标，因为它提供了用于监测指标的历史和观测基础。
- 2005年至2100年欧洲气候预测的气候和能源指标 - 用于计算大部分温度、降水和风速指标，因为它提供了偏差校正的亚日数据。它被用于所有指标，除了以下数据集指定的指标。
- 1970年至2098年欧洲气候预测的火灾危险指标 - 提供了高火灾危险日和火灾天气指标。
- 1970年至2100年基于偏差校正的欧洲气候预测相关的水文气候影响指标 - 提供了河流洪水、河流径流、实际干旱和平均土壤湿度指标。
- 1950年至2100年欧洲山脉旅游气象和雪指标（基于再分析和气候预测） - 提供了降雪量指数。
- 1977年至2100年欧洲海岸水位变化指标（基于气候预测） - 提供了相对海平面上升和极端海平面指标。

本数据集由哥白尼气候变化服务代表生成。