GCASv2-RESP Dataset

We used the Global Carbon Assimilation System version 2 (GCASv2) to produce gridded carbon flux datasets based on satellite CO₂ observations (OCO-2 v11.1) and multiple prior sources. Two inversion experiments were conducted:Base: Uses BEPS biosphere flux, JMA ocean flux, GFED fire, and fossil fuel emissions (fixed); optimizes biosphere and ocean fluxes.wRESP: Adds human and livestock respiration (RESP) to fossil fuel emissions; other settings are the same as Base.The gridded results are stored in NetCDF format at 1° × 1° spatial resolution, covering:Base: Sept 2014 – Feb 2023 (used: 2015–2022)wRESP: Sept 2014 – Jan 2022 (used: 2015–2021)Each file contains monthly and annual fluxes (units: gC m⁻² s⁻¹) for biosphere, ocean, fossil fuel, and fire components, with both prior (<code>_org</code>) and posterior (<code>_opt</code>) versions.We also provide annual regional summaries for 20 predefined regions, including 11 TransCom regions, 5 top-emitting countries, and 4 global subdomains. Regional statistics are computed by vegetation type (forest, grass, crop, other) using Olson (1992)-based land cover masks.