Allergic rhinitis (AR) is especially prevalent among the population of large cities. Immunologically, the airway epithelium is a region where the population of allergen-presenting cells concentrates. These cells actively express a group of receptors of the innate immune system. A specific cytokine profile is its representation. The study was aimed at evaluating the cytokine profile in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.. Cytokine Profile of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Pollen, Mite, and Microbial Allergen Sensitization

A nasal secretion was sorbed on a cotton swab in the middle nasal concha for 30 sec, transferred into 0.25 ml of physiological saline, and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min to precipitate cellular elements, and the supernatant was collected and frozen at T = −20°C.Sensitization to mite, microbial, and pollen allergens was detected with an ImmunoCAP® technology based on immunofluorescence when allergens are sorbed on a 3D cellulose sponge that increases a specific antigen-binding surface. The immunoassay was carried out with the analyzer ImmunoCAP 100, v.1 (PhadiaAB, Uppsala, Sweden). Reagents for enzyme immunofluorescence assay of specific immunoglobulins (Ig) to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d1) and Dermatophagoides farina (d2) and their allergen component Der p 1 being mite serine proteinase; to fungi Penicillium notatum (m1), Cladosporium herbarum (m2), Aspergillus fumigatus (m3), Alternaria alternata (m6), Aspergillus terreus (m36), Rhizopus nigricans (m11), and Fusarium proliferatum (F. moniliforme) (m9); to birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen allergens rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 (profilin, t216); to common wormwood allergens (w6); and to microbial allergens staphylococcal enterotoxin A (m80) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (m81) were used.