Data Sheet 1_Integrated widely-targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis provide novel insights into the regulation of nutritional formation in Artocarpus nanchuanensis fruit.docx

Artocarpus nanchuanensis is a critically endangered tree endemic to Chongqing, China. Although a large number of seedlings have been successfully cultivated and preserved, their overall utilization rate remains suboptimal. The nutritional formation of fruit remains elusive. Here, we analyzed three fruit stages (green mature, color-breaking, complete ripeness), to gain more insight through transcriptomics and widely targeted metabolomics. 1,662 metabolites were identified, with flavonoids being the most abundant (18.65%). Alkaloids accounted for 7.89%. The complete ripeness fruits were rich in nepetin, luteolin, pterolactam, tetrahydroharmol, saccharides, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins. Vitamin C content was highest in green mature fruit (570.06 μg/g) and decreased slightly with ripening (542.16 μg/g in complete ripeness fruit). Diterpene alkaloids Anthriscifolcine A has not yet been reported in other Moraceae plants. Most flavonoids reached their peak concentrations at the color-breaking stage, suggesting this may be the optimal period for their industrial extraction. Some MYB, ERF, WRKY transcription factors potentially regulated the synthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids and other substances. 264 DEGs, enriched in the plant hormone transduction pathway, regulated the ripening of fruits. The constructed flavonoids and saccharides metabolic pathway unveiled the regulatory networks of nutritional components in A. nanchuanensis fruits. These findings offer valuable insights that can inform future nutritional research and advance medicinal development.