PI Controller Characterization

Direct Current (DC) servo motors, or DC motors, are used in many industrial applications, including plastics production, precise equipment placement, and computer-controlled systems that need speed of feed control, position maintenance, and consistent output. These parameters can be controlled with the help of control systems such as the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers. The current work aims to investigate the effects of Proportional (P) and Integral (I) controllers on the steady-state and unsteady (transient) response of the DC motor. The controller gains are varied to observe their effects on the error, damping, and stability of the steady and transient motor response. Results reveal that a proportional controller helps reduce the steady-state and transient input-output errors, and makes the system more stable. In addition, it also speeds up the response of the system. On the contrary, the integral controller eliminates the error and tends to make the system unstable with induced oscillations and a slow response to eliminate the error. From the current work, it is eventually desired to achieve a stable response of the servo motor in terms of its angular velocity subjected to steady-state and transient input signals by utilizing the strengths of both P and I controllers.