PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DEVELOPMENT IN OBESITY

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension. Excess body weight is associated with complex alterations in metabolism, hormonal regulation, and vascular function that contribute to elevated blood pressure. Key pathophysiological mechanisms include activation of the sympathetic nervous system, dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and sodium metabolism disturbances. These changes lead to increased vascular resistance, fluid retention, and vascular remodeling. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective management of hypertension in obese patients.