Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniaeâincluding invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs)âremain a significant public health concern worldwide. The marked winter seasonality of IPDs is a strik
Background: Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered a precursor to pneumococcal diseases including pneumonia. As part of the Kalgoorlie Otitis Media Research Project, we characterised pneum