Localized Mobile Health Approach to Boosting COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Literacy, Access, and Uptake Among Women with Criminal Legal System Involvement

People with criminal legal system involvement (CLSI) have experienced five times as many COVID-19 infections and have three times the risk of death compared to general population in the U.S. Heavily impacted by COVID-19 and squarely within NIH health disparities populations, people with CLSI are often poor and disproportionately from racial and ethnic minority groups. Despite the increased risk of COVID-19, it is expected that only one-half of people with CLSI will get vaccinated. Ongoing COVID-19 testing in communities and among groups that are not vaccinated will be key to containing the pandemic. The messaging that COVID-19 testing will still be important may not be getting through to people who are at risk - a critical driver of disparities. This team had a unique opportunity to boost testing literacy, access, and uptake using mobile health (mHealth) technologies (text and Web) to reach women with CLSI in community settings who are part of the existing Tri-City Cohort drawn from geographically and socio-politically diverse cities: Birmingham, AL, Kansas City, MO/KS, and Oakland, CA. This application was highly responsive to the RADx-UP Phase II call for research that tests interventions to reduce COVID-19 disparities among underserved populations. The team was positioned to embed the study into an existing Web-based women's health literacy intervention platform (www.shewomen.org, 2R01CA181047) for women leaving jail. The study was also able to immediately push the mHealth COVID-19 testing literacy intervention to 508 women that have already recruited to a three-city cervical health study of women with CLSI (R01CA226838), and to promptly make this scalable intervention widely available to people with CLSI. The study engaged the women as stakeholders to study regional and individual differences in COVID-19 testing and vaccine literacy, access, and uptake. This study used findings to rapidly develop an mHealth intervention focused on COVID-19 literacy, and then pushed the intervention to CLSI women in the three cities to boost COVID-19 literacy, testing, access, and uptake, and vaccination. Findings were used to develop dissemination strategies with stakeholders to push the mHealth intervention to the two million women and 11 million men who interface with the criminal legal system annually in the U.S.