华南主要速生阔叶树种良种选育及高效培育技术

“华南主要速生阔叶树种良种选育及高效培育技术”是以国家“十五”攻关课题为主，集成多个其他研究课题形成的成果，主要涉及桉树、相思和西南桦的树种\种源和家系筛选、种子园建立、优良无性系选育、无性繁殖和工厂化育苗、高效栽培技术和高产人工林的可持续经营技术。 1、选育出桉树优良树种7 个、优良种源15个、优良家系92个、优良单株128株、优良无性系32个 相思优良树种4个、优良种源3个、优良家系54个、优良无性系30个 西南桦优良种源7个、优良家系35个、优良单株30个、无性系10个。发现桦木新种1个。 2、共建立桉树7个种子园共48.1 hm2，年产种子195 kg以上，遗传增益20%以上，推广面积1.5万hm2。建立相思5个种子园20 hm2，年产种子348 kg，遗传增益20%以上，推广良种1万hm2以上。建成桉树、相思良繁基地8个，建立育种群体35个。 3、推广桉树新优无性系5个，组培苗2400万株，造林1.33万hm2，扦插苗推广造林2.33万hm2，优良无性系年均蓄积生长量40-54.6 m3/ hm2&#61655 a，获得认证的桉树新品种2个。推广相思新优无性系5个，推广新品系示范林6000 hm2，优良无性系年均蓄积生长量30 m3/ hm2&#61655 a，获得审定的相思新品种１个（马大杂种相思AMA9801）、认定相思良种２个。推广西南桦优良种源、家系和无性系2000 hm2，年均蓄积生长量15 m3/ hm2a。 4、在桉树、相思和西南桦优良无性系无性繁殖技术上取得突破性进展。重点解决了桉树组培苗不带培养基移植关键技术、桉树微扦插技术、桉树轻型基质工厂化育苗技术，制订行业和地方标准2项 解决了相思优树组培复壮技术 解决了西南桦组培快繁和轻型基质工厂化育苗技术。加速了优良无性系推广应用，大大提高了良种使用率，辐射推广新品种和良种30多万hm2。

"Elite Breeding and Efficient Cultivation Technologies for Major Fast-growing Broad-leaved Tree Species in South China" is a research achievement primarily based on the national key research project during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, integrated with multiple other research programs. It mainly covers the selection of tree species, provenances and families of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Betula alnoides, establishment of seed orchards, breeding of elite clones, asexual propagation and industrialized seedling cultivation, efficient cultivation techniques, and sustainable management technologies for high-yield plantations.
1. 7 elite Eucalyptus tree species, 15 elite provenances, 92 elite families, 128 elite individual trees and 32 elite clones have been selected; 4 elite Acacia tree species, 3 elite provenances, 54 elite families and 30 elite clones have been selected; 7 elite Betula alnoides provenances, 35 elite families, 30 elite individual trees and 10 clones have been selected. One new Betula species has been discovered.
2. A total of 7 Eucalyptus seed orchards with a total area of 48.1 hm² have been established, with an annual seed production of over 195 kg, a genetic gain of more than 20%, and a promoted afforestation area of 15,000 hm². 5 Acacia seed orchards covering an area of 20 hm² have been established, with an annual seed production of 348 kg, a genetic gain of over 20%, and a promoted improved variety afforestation area of more than 10,000 hm². 8 improved seed propagation bases for Eucalyptus and Acacia have been built, and 35 breeding populations have been established.
3. 5 new elite Eucalyptus clones have been promoted, with 24 million tissue culture seedlings and an afforestation area of 13,300 hm²; 23,300 hm² of afforestation has been conducted using cutting seedlings. The annual standing volume growth of elite Eucalyptus clones reaches 40-54.6 m³/hm²·a. Two certified new Eucalyptus varieties have been obtained. 5 new elite Acacia clones have been promoted, with a demonstration forest area of 6,000 hm² for new lines. The annual standing volume growth of elite Acacia clones reaches 30 m³/hm²·a. One approved Acacia variety ("Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis" AMA9801) and two recognized Acacia improved varieties have been developed. 2,000 hm² of afforestation using elite provenances, families and clones of Betula alnoides has been promoted, with an annual standing volume growth of 15 m³/hm²·a.
4. Breakthrough progress has been made in asexual propagation technologies for elite clones of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Betula alnoides. Key technologies including transplanting of Eucalyptus tissue culture seedlings without medium, micro-cutting technology of Eucalyptus, and industrialized seedling cultivation technology with lightweight substrate for Eucalyptus have been resolved, and 2 industry and local standards have been formulated. The rejuvenation technology of tissue culture for superior Acacia trees has been solved. The tissue culture rapid propagation and industrialized seedling cultivation technology with lightweight substrate for Betula alnoides have been resolved. The promotion and application of elite clones have been accelerated, the utilization rate of improved varieties has been greatly improved, and the total promoted area of new varieties and improved seeds has reached over 300,000 hm².

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集整合了国家'十五'攻关课题等研究成果，专注于华南地区主要速生阔叶树种（桉树、相思和西南桦）的良种选育与高效培育技术。内容涵盖优良种源、无性系筛选、种子园建设、无性繁殖及栽培经营等方面，并展示了相关推广成果，如遗传增益和造林面积。