RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AND THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

This article analyzes the principles of rational antibiotic use and the clinical significance of antimicrobial resistance. Inappropriate and excessive antibiotic use accelerates the emergence of resistant microorganisms, reduces treatment effectiveness, prolongs hospitalization, and increases healthcare costs and mortality. The article discusses the mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical consequences of antimicrobial resistance, as well as modern approaches to rational antibiotic therapy. It highlights the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs, microbiological diagnostics, and evidence-based pharmacotherapy in optimizing antibiotic use and limiting the spread of resistant pathogens.