Influence of voltine ecotype and geographic distance on genetic and haplotype variation in the Asian corn borer

Diapause is an adaptive dormancy strategy by which arthropods endure extended periods of adverse climatic conditions.  Seasonal variation in larval diapause initiation and duration in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, influences adult mating generation number (voltinism) across local environmental conditions.  Degree of mating period overlap between sympatric voltinism ecotypes influence hybridization level, but impact on O. furnacalis population genetic structure and evolution of divergent adaptive phenotypes remains uncertain.   Genetic differentiation was estimated between voltinism ecotypes collected from 8 locations in Jilin Province, China [3 single generation (univoltine), 3 two generation (bivoltine), and 2 sympatric locations] in 2014.  Bayesian and phylogenetic clustering partitioned mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes mostly into groups corresponding to historically uni- or bivoltine population origins, whereas samples from sympatric locatio...