青藏高原站点积雪深度数据（1961-2013年）

青藏高原平均海拔4000m以上，是北半球中低纬度海拔最高、积雪覆盖最大的地区。积雪不仅是青藏高原季节性变化最大的下垫面和重要的生态环境组成要素，冰雪融水是高原及其下游地区重要的水资源。同时，高原积雪作为一种重要的陆面强迫因子，与东亚、南亚季风以及长江中下游的旱涝等灾害性天气紧密相关，是短期气候预测的重要指示因子和全球气候变化最为敏感的响应因子之一。积雪深度是指积雪表面到地面的垂直深度，是表征积雪特征的重要参数和常规气象观测要素之一，是估算雪水当量、研究积雪气候效应、流域水量平衡和融雪径流模拟以及监测和 评估雪灾发生和等级划分的重要参数。
在本数据集中，青藏高原边界采用了以自然地貌为主导因素，同时综合考虑海拔高度、高原面和山地完整性原则确定的高原范围。高原主体部分在西藏自治区和青海省，面积257.2万km2，约占我国陆地总面积的26.8%。雪深观测数据是经过质量检测和质量控制的逐月最大雪深资料。研究范围内共有102个气象站，多数始建于20世纪50-70年代，部分站点在这一时期存在有，些月份或年份缺测情况，最后采用了1961-2013年有完整观测记录的时间。时间分辨率为逐日，覆盖范围为青藏高原, 其所有数据进行了质量控制。准确而详实的高原雪深数据对气候变化诊断、亚洲季风的演变和区域融雪水资源的管理具有重要意义。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has an average elevation of over 4000 meters, making it the region with the highest elevation and the largest snow cover in the mid-to-low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Snow cover is not only the underlying surface with the largest seasonal variation and an important component of the ecological environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but snow and ice meltwater also constitute a vital water resource for the plateau and its downstream regions. Meanwhile, plateau snow cover, as an important land surface forcing factor, is closely correlated with the East Asian and South Asian monsoons as well as catastrophic weather such as droughts and floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It serves as a key indicator for short-term climate prediction and one of the most sensitive response factors to global climate change. Snow depth refers to the vertical depth from the snow surface to the ground, which is an important parameter for characterizing snow cover features and one of the routine meteorological observation elements. It is a critical parameter for estimating snow water equivalent, studying the climatic effects of snow cover, simulating watershed water balance and snowmelt runoff, as well as monitoring and assessing snow disaster occurrence and grade classification.

In this dataset, the boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is determined based on the principle of taking natural landform as the dominant factor, while comprehensively considering elevation, plateau surface integrity and mountain integrity. The main body of the plateau is located in the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, covering an area of 2.572 million square kilometers, accounting for approximately 26.8% of China's total land area. The snow depth observation data are monthly maximum snow depth datasets that have undergone quality inspection and quality control. There are a total of 102 meteorological stations within the research scope, most of which were established between the 1950s and 1970s, and some stations experienced data gaps in certain months or years during this period. Finally, the period with complete observation records from 1961 to 2013 was selected. The temporal resolution is daily, and the coverage spans the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with all data having undergone quality control. Accurate and detailed plateau snow depth data are of great significance for climate change diagnosis, the evolution of the Asian monsoon and the management of regional snowmelt water resources.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含1961-2013年青藏高原102个气象站的逐日积雪深度观测数据，经过严格质量控制，以文本格式存储。这些数据对研究高原积雪气候效应、亚洲季风演变和区域水资源管理具有重要价值。