Antibody Watch: Text Mining Antibody Specificity from the Literature

<strong>Abstract </strong> <strong>Motivation</strong>: Antibodies are widely used reagents to test for expression of proteins. However, they might not always reliably produce results when they do not specifically bind to the target proteins that their providers designed them for, leading to unreliable research results. <strong>Results</strong>: We developed a deep neural network system and tested its performance with a corpus of more than two thousand articles that reported uses of antibodies. We divided the problem into two tasks. Given an input article, the first task is to identify snippets about antibody specificity and classify if the snippets report any antibody that is nonspecific, and thus problematic. The second task is to link each of these snippets to one or more antibodies that the snippet referred to. We leveraged the Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) to precisely identify antibodies linked to the extracted specificity snippets. The result shows that it is feasible to construct a reliable knowledge base about problematic antibodies by text mining.