Gray wolf packs and human-caused wolf mortality

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) are group-living carnivores that travel over
large areas and are one of the most controversial species in North
America. Gray wolf management over the last century has ranged
from eradication by nearly any means to preservation under the Endangered
Species Act to state-managed which often includes limited hunting and, in
some areas, population reduction. Management decisions are complicated by
transboundary movements of wildlife, especially when the bordering
agencies have disparate goals or mandates. This data is specific
to gray wolves and packs using five National Park Service (NPS) units
(years of data): Denali National Park and Preserve (33 years), Grand Teton
National Park (23 years), Voyageurs National Park (12 years), Yellowstone
National Park (27 years), and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve (23
years). This dataset features two measures of gray wolf
biological processes, pack persistence and reproduction, and was used to
determine the impacts of anthropogenic mortality on the pack. We
examined persistence and reproduction at the pack level given known wolf
mortalities and pack sizes.