Transcriptome profiling based on the presence of PHF23 and amino acid starvation

Autophagy is a conserved self-digestion pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and catabolism. Under normal conditions, autophagic activity remains minimal but is rapidly upregulated in response to stresses such as nutrient deprivation. While the transcriptional and epigenetic activation of autophagy under nutrient deprived condition has been widely studied, less is known about the repression mechanisms of autophagy under normal conditions. Here, we identify PHF23 as an epigenetic repressor of autophagy through a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screening. PHF23 inhibits the expression of autophagy genes by recruiting the NuRD complex and reducing chromatin accessibility, particularly at enhancer regions. This repressive function of PHF23 requires an intact PHD domain and is attenuated under amino acid starvation or mTOR inhibition conditions. Notably, inhibiting PHF23 enhances the autophagic clearance of pathological protein aggregates including Tau and a1 antitrypsin Z variant (ATZ), underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases characterized by proteotoxic stress. Overall design: To investigate the roles of PHF23 in the regulation of autophagy and lysosome, we performed mRNA expression profiles of WT and PHF23 KO HeLa cells with normal media, or amino acid starvation media