Description of playback categories.

Information on number of senders, recording conditions (recorder, place of recording and equipment) and detailed context description for each playback category. All stimuli (except affiliative chimpanzee stimuli obtained by Birgit Fördereuther which were recorded during tickling sessions) were videotaped. For the tree shrew calls, which were obtained by Simone Schehka and colleagues, we refer to their video analyses for context classification [57], [58]. For our own recordings we synchronized audio and video recordings and assigned each vocalization to a detailed context. Each detailed context was assigned to one of the two superordinate context categories, affiliative or agonistic context.Abbreviations: recorder: MS = M. Scheumann, SS = S. Schehka, WK = W. Konerding, BF = B. Förderreuther; place of recording: PH = private households, ZS = Leintal Zoo Schwaigern, IZ = Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, ZH = Hannover Zoo, SP = Schwaben Park; recording equipment: SK6 = Sennheiser microphone K 6, MPR = Marantz pocket recorder PMD 660, SME64 = Sennheiser microphone ME64, PA = pre-amplifier (Avid Technology, Öhringen, Germany, M-Audio DMP3), LP = laptop (Toshiba, Irvine, CA, USA, Satellite A10-s100) equipped with a A/D converter: (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA, DAQCard-6062E) and the software NIDisk (Engineering Design, Belmont, MA, USA), SMKH 816 = Sennheiser microphone MKH 816.