Simulated Gini coefficient reduction due to programs

Simulated Gini coefficient reduction measures the estimated decrease in inequality attributable to a social protection and labor (SPL) program, under the assumption that household income or consumption would fall by the full value of the transfer in the absence of the program. The indicator is calculated as the difference between the pre‑transfer and post‑transfer Gini coefficients, divided by the pre‑transfer Gini. Results are reported by program type (social assistance, social insurance, and labor market programs) following the ASPIRE classification, as well as in aggregate across all SPL programs. This measure includes both direct and indirect beneficiaries, providing a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of SPL programs in reducing income inequality.