Census of Agriculture 2002 - Philippines

Abstract
---------------------------

The 2002 Census of Agriculture (CA 2002) is a large-scale government operation geared towards the collection and compilation of statistics in the agriculture sector of the country. The collected data will constitute the bases from which policymakers and planners will formulate plans for the country's development.

The following were the objectives of CA 2002:

1. To determine the structure and characteristics of agricultural holdings;
2. To determine the number and distribution of households and enterprises engaged in agriculture and to gather information on the operation of these households and enterprises;
3. To provide the basis for sampling frame for other statistical undertakings; and
4. To provide basic data for use in national as well as sub-national development planning.

Specifically, it aims to:
1. Obtain comprehensive data on farm characterisitcs such as size, location, tenure status, irrigation system, crops planted, livestock/poultry raised, etc.;
2. Determine the type and number of equipment, machineries and facilities used in the operation of agricultural activities whether owned or rented; and
3. Provide benchmarks for the various statistical series which are designed to measure progress in agriculture.

Major findings include the following:
1. Central Visayas accounted for the highest number of farms but Bicol Region had the biggest farm area.
2. Almost all farms in the country were operated individually.
3. Most farms were owned by the agricultural operators.
4. More than half of the farms in the country were under temporary crops.
5. Palay remained as the major temporary crop in the country.
6. Coconut also remained as the dominant permanent crop.
7. Individual system irrigation was the most common in the country.
8. Number of hogs reared and tended increased by 1.1 milliion heads.
9. Raising of chicken was the prevalent poultry raising activity.
10. Ornamental and flower gardening (excluding orchid) was also common in the country.
11. Male operators dominated the agriculture sector.
12. Almost 80 percent of the household members engaged in agricultural activity were working in own agricultural holding.
13. Plow was the most common farm equipment in the country.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National Coverage

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Households

Universe
---------------------------

The census covered all households, agricultural operators, and agricultural establishments.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The CA 2002 adopted a one-stage stratified systematic sampling design where selection of sample barangays was done by city/muncipality (by district for the National Capital Region or NCR) and by stratum. However, for the provinces of Laguna, Isabela, Bukidnon, and Batanes, a full sample-census was adopted.

Except for the cities/municipalities of the full-sample barangays, all cities/municipalities (6 districts for NCR) were treated as domains and the barangays as the ultimate sampling units. The six districts of NCR are as follows:
NCR I - Manila;
NCR II - Quezon City;
NCR III - San Juan, Cities of Mandaluyong, Marikina and Pasig;
NCR IV - Malabon, Navotas, Cities of Kalookan and Valenzuela;
NCR V - Pateros, Taguig and Makati City; and
NCR VI - Cities of Pasay, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque

The sampling frame was based on the list of barangays taken from the results of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000) as of June 2002.

In each domain, all barangays were grouped into three strata, as follows:
Stratum 1 - Barangays with the largest Total Farm Area (TFA) in the municipality based on the 1991 Census of Agriculture and fisheries (CAF)
Stratum 2 - All other sample barangays of the 1991 CAF
Stratum 3 - All other barangays in the sampling frame

The 1991 sample barangays in each domain were ranked by descending values of TFA. The barangays with the largest TFA in 1991, referred to as the certainty barangays, were included in Stratum 1. In cases where the certainty barangay was split into two or more barangays as a result of the creation of a new barangay (as of June 2002 master list of barangays), the new barangay was also treated as a certainty barangay. Sample barangays of the 1991 CAF not included in Stratum 1 were assigned in Stratum 2. Barangays with no TFA because they were not samples during the 1991 CAF were arranged in ascending order of the total number of households based on Census 2000. These barangays were assigned in Stratum 3.

All barangays in Stratum 1 were automatically taken as samples. Sample barangays in Strata 2 and 3 were systematically selected using a 25-percent sampling rate, except for NCR. The sampling rates for NCR were 50 percent and 10 percent for Stratum 2 and Stratum 3, respectively. In each sampled barangay, all households were covered.

All agricultural establishments identified in the 2002 List of Establishments, whether or not located in the sample barangays of CA 2002, and new agricultural establishments in the sample barangays during the enumeration of CA 2002, were enumerated.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

The accomplished census forms undergone several stages of data editing. These stages include the following:

1. Field editing which consisted of checking of consistency, correctness and completness of entries while in the field.
2. Manual Processing of accomplished questionnaires at the Provincial Offices where the following were done:
a. Verification of geographic identification and completeness of forms
b. Checking for legibility of entries
c. Coding
3. Machine Processing which includes machine validation, consistency checking and completeness checking of entries.

Sampling error estimates
---------------------------

In order to provide a basis for assessing the reliability or precision of CA estimates, the estimation of the magnitude of sampling error in the census data was undertaken by the NSO for the 2002 CA. The standard error (SE) and coefficient of variation (C.V.) were used as measures of sampling error.

摘要
---------------------------
2002年农业普查（CA 2002）是一项大规模的政府行动，旨在收集和整理国家农业领域的统计数据。所收集的数据将成为政策制定者和规划者制定国家发展计划的依据。

以下是 CA 2002 的目标：
1. 确定农业经营的结构和特征；
2. 确定从事农业的农户和企业数量及分布，并收集这些农户和企业的运营信息；
3. 为其他统计活动的抽样框架提供依据；
4. 为国家及地方发展计划提供基本数据。

具体而言，其目标包括：
1. 获取关于农场特征（如规模、位置、使用权状况、灌溉系统、种植作物、饲养家畜/家禽等）的全面数据；
2. 确定用于农业活动操作中的设备、机械和设施的类型和数量，无论其所有权或租赁情况；
3. 为旨在衡量农业进步的各种统计系列提供基准。

主要发现包括以下内容：
1. 中部群岛地区拥有最多的农场，但比科洛尔地区拥有最大的农场面积。
2. 该国几乎所有农场都是独立经营的。
3. 大多数农场归农业经营者所有。
4. 该国超过一半的农场种植的是临时作物。
5. 水稻仍然是该国主要的临时作物。
6. 椰子也仍然是主要的永久作物。
7. 单个系统灌溉在该国最为普遍。
8. 饲养和照看猪的数量增加了1.1百万头。
9. 养鸡是主要的家禽饲养活动。
10. 装饰品和花卉园艺（不包括兰花）在该国也很普遍。
11. 男性经营者主导农业领域。
12. 几乎80%从事农业活动的家庭成员在自家的农业经营中工作。
13. 铧子是该国的最常见农场设备。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国覆盖

分析单元
---------------------------
家庭

总体
---------------------------
普查涵盖了所有家庭、农业经营者和农业企业。

数据类型
---------------------------
普查/列举数据 [cen]

抽样程序
---------------------------
CA 2002 采用了单阶段分层系统抽样设计，其中样本村落的选取由城市/市镇（对于国家首都地区或NCR，按区划分）和层进行。
然而，对于拉古纳、伊莎贝拉、布基农和巴坦群岛省，则采用了全面样本普查。

除了全面样本村落的市/市镇外，所有市/市镇（NCR的6个区）均被视为域，村落为最终的抽样单元。NCR的6个区如下：
NCR I - 马尼拉；
NCR II - 菲律宾奎松市；
NCR III - 圣胡安市、马达洛扬市、马里金纳市和帕西格市；
NCR IV - 马拉邦市、纳沃塔斯市、卡卢坎市和瓦伦齐亚市；
NCR V - 帕特罗斯市、塔吉格市和马卡蒂市；
NCR VI - 帕赛市、拉斯皮纳斯市、蒙廷卢帕市、帕拉纳奎市

抽样框架基于2000年人口和住房普查（普查2000）的结果，截至2002年6月。

在每个域内，所有村落被分为三个层，如下所示：
层1 - 根据基于1991年农业和渔业普查（CAF）的全市总农场面积（TFA）最大的村落；
层2 - 1991年 CAF 的所有其他样本村落；
层3 - 抽样框架中的所有其他村落

每个域内的1991年样本村落按TFA的降序排列。TFA最大的村落，被称为确定性村落，被包括在层1中。如果确定性村落因新村落（截至2002年6月的村落主列表）的创建而分裂成两个或更多村落，则新的村落也被视为确定性村落。1991年 CAF 中未包括在层1中的样本村落被分配到层2。没有TFA的村落（因为它们在1991年 CAF 中不是样本）根据根据普查2000年的总户数按升序排列。这些村落被分配到层3。

层1中的所有村落自动被选取为样本。层2和层3的样本村落采用25%的抽样率系统性地选取，NCR除外。NCR的抽样率分别为层2的50%和层3的10%。在每个抽样村落中，所有家庭都被覆盖。

在2002年企业名录中确定的农业企业，无论其是否位于CA 2002的样本村落中，以及CA 2002普查期间在样本村落中新出现的农业企业，都被进行了普查。

数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面纸质 [f2f]

数据清洗操作
---------------------------
完成后的普查表格经过多个阶段的数据编辑。这些阶段包括以下内容：
1. 现场编辑，包括在现场检查条目的一致性、正确性和完整性。
2. 在省办公室对完成的问卷进行人工处理，包括以下内容：
a. 验证地理标识和表格的完整性
b. 检查条目的可读性
c. 编码
3. 机器处理，包括条目的机器验证、一致性检查和完整性检查。

抽样误差估计
---------------------------
为了评估 CA 估计的可靠性或精确度，NSO 对 2002 年 CA 数据中的抽样误差幅度进行了估计。标准误差（SE）和变异系数（C.V.）被用作抽样误差的衡量指标。