Details of oxidation-binding modes for 2- or 3-fluorinated galactose.

aThe following three criteria are considered consistent with a productive binding mode: (i) The sugar is oriented for oxidation at C2; (ii) the substrate-binding loop is in the semi-open conformation; (iii) the side chain Oγ1 group of Thr169 is pointing away from the flavin N(5)/O(4) locus.bThe ability of P2O variants to stabilize either the α- or β-anomer is uncorrelated to space group and crystal contacts, and depends solely on the new structural context provided by the mutation.cItalicized interactions represent interactions with the catalytic residues.