Experimental results comparing the classification accuracy (Acc., %) and standard deviation (Std.) of the proposed method with the original dynamic routing algorithm. CNN refers to a convolutional neural network with a parameter count comparable to the original dynamic routing capsule network. CapsNet-DR refers to the capsule network using the standard dynamic routing algorithm, CapsNet-CRI denotes the dynamic routing algorithm with inverse initialization of the coupling coefficients, DC-CapsNet-DR applies the group strategy with standard dynamic routing, and DC-CapsNet (Ours) is our full method.

Experimental results comparing the classification accuracy (Acc., %) and standard deviation (Std.) of the proposed method with the original dynamic routing algorithm. CNN refers to a convolutional neural network with a parameter count comparable to the original dynamic routing capsule network. CapsNet-DR refers to the capsule network using the standard dynamic routing algorithm, CapsNet-CRI denotes the dynamic routing algorithm with inverse initialization of the coupling coefficients, DC-CapsNet-DR applies the group strategy with standard dynamic routing, and DC-CapsNet (Ours) is our full method.