Physico-chemical characterization of food hydrogels formulated with algae hydrocolloids and loaded with β-carotene nanoemulsions in terms of water holding capacity, synersis, Texture profile analysis and Raman spectroscopy

Each Excel file contains a brief description of the data. Water holding capacity (WHC) of Agar, alginate and carrageenan hydrogels in 3 concentrations 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% and Agar, alginate and carrageenan nanoemulsion (NE)-filled hydrogels was determined by centrifugation method. In brief, approximately 9 g of hydrogels and NE-filled hydrogels were formed in situ within 10 mL centrifuge tubes over 24 h at 4 °C. Subsequently, the tubes underwent centrifugation at 10000×g using the Sigma 3K15 centrifuge (Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH, Osterode, Germany) at 25 °C for 30 min, and the released water was drained.The values are reported as percentages (%).
For measuring synersis, Agar, alginate and carrageenan hydrogels and NE-filled hydrogels in 3 concentration 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% were prepared in petri dishes and, after formation, were left for 24 hours at 25 °C. The weight was measured both before and after the 24-hour period to calculate syneresis. The values are reported as percentages (%).
Texture profile analysis (TPA) of the Agar, alginate and carrageenan hydrogels and NE-filled hydrogels in 3 concentration 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% were evaluated using a texture analyser (Stable Micro Systems model TA-XT2) equipped with a cylindrical aluminium plunger (3.6 cm diameter) and a load cell of 30 N. Hydrogels and NE-filled hydrogels were subjected to a two-cycle compression in each compression cycle the sample was compressed at 50% of deformation ratio at pre-test speed, test speed and post-test speed of 1 mm/s. Tiger force was 5 g, tiger distance of 2 mm and time interval of two bites was set at 50 s. The mechanical parameters obtained from the force-time curves were hardness (N/cm2), cohesiveness, gumminess (N), adhesiveness and elasticity.
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique permits the characterization of materials in terms of their chemical composition, also providing structural information. Raman spectra of β-carotene, corn oil, NE as well as NE-filled hydrogels were obtained using RAMAN NRS-7100 from Jasco. For all measurements, the excitation wavelength was set at 532 nm. Data were acquired from each sample using a microscope equipped with an objective with a magnification x 100. Data acquisition and processing was carried out using the LabSpec 6 software.

每个Excel文件均包含该数据集的简要说明。本实验采用离心法测定了浓度分别为0.5%、0.75%和1%的琼脂（Agar）、海藻酸盐（alginate）、卡拉胶（carrageenan）水凝胶，以及负载纳米乳液（nanoemulsion, NE）的上述三种水凝胶的持水能力（Water holding capacity, WHC）。
简言之，将约9g水凝胶与负载纳米乳液的水凝胶于4℃下在10mL离心管中原位形成，静置24h。随后将离心管置于德国奥斯特罗德Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH公司生产的Sigma 3K15型离心机中，于25℃下以10000×g离心30min，倾去析出的水分。实验结果以百分比（%）表示。

为测定析水率，将浓度分别为0.5%、0.75%和1%的琼脂、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶水凝胶及负载纳米乳液的上述水凝胶制备于培养皿中，待其成型后置于25℃下静置24h。分别于静置前后称量样品质量，通过质量变化计算析水率，结果以百分比（%）表示。

采用配备直径3.6cm圆柱形铝制压头与30N测力传感器的Stable Micro Systems TA-XT2型质构分析仪，对浓度为0.5%、0.75%和1%的琼脂、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶水凝胶及负载纳米乳液的上述水凝胶开展质构剖面分析（Texture profile analysis, TPA）。实验采用双循环压缩模式：每个压缩循环中，样品以1mm/s的预测试速度、测试速度及后测试速度被压缩至50%的变形比；触发力设为5g，触发距离为2mm，两次咬合的时间间隔设为50s。从力-时间曲线中提取的力学参数包括硬度（N/cm²）、黏聚性、胶黏性（N）、黏附性与弹性。

拉曼光谱是一种无损分析技术，可用于表征材料的化学组成并提供结构信息。本实验采用日本Jasco公司的RAMAN NRS-7100型拉曼光谱仪采集β-胡萝卜素、玉米油、纳米乳液以及负载纳米乳液的水凝胶的拉曼光谱。所有测试的激发波长均设置为532nm。通过配备100倍物镜的显微镜采集每个样品的光谱数据，使用LabSpec 6软件完成数据采集与处理。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于食品水凝胶的物理化学特性研究，具体针对三种藻类水胶体（琼脂、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶）在不同浓度下制备的水凝胶及其负载β-胡萝卜素纳米乳液的体系。数据集通过实验测量了持水能力、脱水收缩、质构剖面分析和拉曼光谱等关键参数，旨在为食品科学领域提供关于水凝胶结构和性能的详细数据支持。