Movie S1 - Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Escherichia coli Up-Regulate Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules In Vitro and In Vivo

Leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells under flow. CMFDA-labeled U937 cells (1×106 cells/mL) were added to HMVECs treated with PBS, E. coli OMVs (10 ng/mL in total protein), or equivalent amount of purified E. coli LPS (7.5 ng/mL) under physiological shear stress (2 dyn/cm2). The cellular fluorescence was recorded using fluorescence microscopy, which was started at 5 minutes after addition of the CMFDA-labeled U937 cells and recorded for 2 minutes. (ZIP)