The role of outflow-layer inertial stability in governing the radial location of secondary eyewall formation in tropical cyclones

Secondary eyewall formation (SEF) in tropical cyclones (TCs) emerges from a complex interplay of internal dynamics and environmental influences. Motivated by observations linking low inertial stability in the TC outflow layer to eyewall replacement cycles, we investigate how variations in outflow‐layer inertial stability control both the initiation and radial position of SEF. Idealized simulations reveal that reduced outflow‐layer inertial stability enhances upper‐level divergence and updraft in the TC outer core, fostering the growth of stratiform rainbands. By averaging secondary circulation over the domain grids featuring stratiform precipitation, it is explicitly shown that the strength of the mesoscale descending inflow (MDI) is greater within the widespread and more developed stratiform clouds. Such stratiform‐induced MDI can dynamically and thermodynamically broaden the tangential wind field in the lower altitudes. As a result, the ensuing increase in boundary‐layer inertial stab..., In this study, all the numerical simulations are performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model of version 4.3.1 (Skamarock et al., 2021). A description of WRF can be found in this website: A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.1 | OpenSky.
Due to the great size of raw datafiles produced by the simulation, only namelists and modified source codes that are required to reproduce the results in this paper are elaborated in this repository. More information about this dataset can be found in the README section., , # Data from: The role of outflow-layer inertial stability in governing the radial location of secondary eyewall formation in tropical cyclones

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0p2ngfjk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0p2ngfjk)

## Description of the data and file structure

This is the dataset that contains the namelist and modified source code of WRF model (version 4.3.1) needed for the reproduction of results in the manuscript: \"**The Role of Outflow-Layer Inertial Stability in Governing the Radial Location of Secondary Eyewall Formation in Tropical Cyclones**\".

### Files and variables

Five files need to be modified to reproduce simulation results in this study, including:

module_initialize_tropical_cyclone.F; module_big_step_utilities_em.F;  module_em.F;

namelist.input; input_sounding;

#### File: module_initialize_tropical_cyclone.F

**Description:** This Fortran file contains the structural parameters of the initial vortex and sea surface temperature. 

#### File: module_big_st...,