Four planning scenarios that were examined using Marxan and Marxan with Zones for Israel's territorial Mediterranean waters.

3We assigned possible percentages of biodiversity protection that may be achieved by the Exploration Zone. The Conservation Zone assumes 100% protection of .biodiversity but due to the unknown impacts of hydrocarbon exploration we tested different values (25%, 50%, and 75%). See File S2. for further details.4The opportunity cost layers are the variables where are minimized in Marxan software: In Marxan this is treated as one minimized cost layer (summed together), and in Marxan with Zones these opportunity cost layers are separately minimized.5See Table 1 for the zones that each marine activity is permitted or restricted within and File S2. for a detailed explanation of each activity and their data references.The inclusion of features and data in each scenario is represented by a plus sign (+). Planning scenarios increase (from the Simple Planning to Complex Zoning scenario) in complexity by the planning tool, zones and number of activities included. For more detailed information on each of the zones see Table 1.