祁连山综合观测网：兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络（瓜州站气象要素梯度观测系统-2018）

该数据集包含了2018年9月23日至2018年12月31日兰州大学兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络瓜州站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于甘肃酒泉瓜州县柳园镇，下垫面是荒漠。观测点的经纬度是95.673E，41.405N，海拔2014m。二维超声风速/风向传感器和空气温湿度传感器分别架设在2m、4m、8m、16m、32m、48m处，共6层，朝向正北；气压计安装在1.5m采集箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在塔4m处；红外温度计安装在4m处，朝向正南，探头朝向垂直向下；土壤热通量板（自校正式）（2块）依次埋设在塔南侧植被下5cm和10cm处；土壤温/湿/电导率传感器和土壤水势传感器埋设在塔南侧植被下5cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm、80cm处；光合有效辐射传感器、日照时数传感器以及四分量辐射仪安装在4m处，朝向正南。观测项目有：风速（WS_2m、WS_4m、WS_8m、WS_16m、WS_32m、WS_48m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_2m、WD_4m、WD_8m、WD_16m、WD_32m、WD_48m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（TA_2m、TA_4m、TA_8m、TA_16m、TA_32m、TA_48m和RH_2m、RH_4m、RH_8m、RH_16m、RH_32m、RH_48m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（PA）(单位：百帕)、降水量（P）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（SWIN、SWOUT、LWIN、LWOUT、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（TC）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（SHF）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（SWC）(单位：百分比)、土壤温度（Ts）(单位：摄氏度) 、土壤水势（SWP）（单位：千帕）、土壤电导率（EC）（单位：微西门子/厘米）光合有效辐射（PPFD）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、日照时数（Sun_time）（单位：小时）。 观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天48个数据（每30min）；该地区土壤水势很低，已超出传感器的测量量程；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2018-6-10 10:30。

This dataset contains meteorological element gradient observation system data from the Guazhou Station of the Cold and Arid Regions Science Observation Network of Lanzhou University, covering the period from September 23 to December 31, 2018. The station is located in Liuyuan Town, Guazhou County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, with a desert underlying surface. The geographic coordinates of the observation site are 95.673°E, 41.405°N, and the elevation is 2014 m. Two-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed/direction sensors and air temperature and humidity sensors are installed at 6 heights (2 m, 4 m, 8 m, 16 m, 32 m, 48 m) respectively, facing true north; a barometer is installed inside the 1.5 m acquisition cabinet; a tipping-bucket rain gauge is installed at 4 m on the observation tower; an infrared thermometer is installed at 4 m, facing true south, with the probe pointing vertically downward; two self-calibrating soil heat flux plates are buried at 5 cm and 10 cm depths under vegetation on the south side of the tower, respectively; soil temperature/moisture/electrical conductivity sensors and soil water potential sensors are buried at 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm depths under vegetation on the south side of the tower; photosynthetically active radiation sensors, sunshine duration sensors, and a four-component radiometer are installed at 4 m, facing true south.

The observed items include: wind speed (WS_2m, WS_4m, WS_8m, WS_16m, WS_32m, WS_48m) with unit of m/s; wind direction (WD_2m, WD_4m, WD_8m, WD_16m, WD_32m, WD_48m) with unit of degree; air temperature and humidity (TA_2m, TA_4m, TA_8m, TA_16m, TA_32m, TA_48m and RH_2m, RH_4m, RH_8m, RH_16m, RH_32m, RH_48m) with units of °C and % respectively; atmospheric pressure (PA) with unit of hectopascal (hPa); precipitation (P) with unit of millimeter (mm); four-component radiation (SWIN, SWOUT, LWIN, LWOUT, Rn) with unit of W/m²; surface radiant temperature (TC) with unit of °C; soil heat flux (SHF) with unit of W/m²; soil water content (SWC) with unit of %; soil temperature (Ts) with unit of °C; soil water potential (SWP) with unit of kPa; soil electrical conductivity (EC) with unit of μS/cm; photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with unit of μmol/(m²·s); sunshine duration (Sun_time) with unit of hour (h).

Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 48 valid data records per day (one record every 30 minutes); note that the soil water potential in this area is extremely low, exceeding the measurement range of the sensors; (2) Remove duplicate timestamp records; (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red indicate questionable records; (5) Unify the date and time format, with date and time recorded in the same column. Example: 2018-6-10 10:30.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是祁连山综合观测网中瓜州站2018年9月23日至12月31日的气象要素梯度观测数据，站点位于甘肃酒泉荒漠地区，海拔2014米。数据集包含多层风速、风向、空气温湿度、降水、辐射及土壤参数等多种要素的高时间分辨率（每30分钟）观测，经过严格质量控制，适用于寒旱区气象和地表过程研究。