Mutation Frequency Profiling and Evolutionary Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Gene Across 2.8 Million Randomly Sampled Genomes

This dataset presents a comprehensive analysis of mutation variability across key functional regions of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) gene, derived from over 2.8 million full-length high quality genome sequences. Using the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference (NC_045512.2), we identified mutation frequencies and average mutation rates per amino acid for critical regions including the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD), N-terminal Domain (NTD), Furin Cleavage Site, and others. Results highlight the dynamic evolution of the Spike protein, with the NTD and RBD exhibiting the highest mutation pressures, reflecting their roles in immune evasion and receptor binding. Chart attached explains mutation frequency across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike gene, showing highest variability in the N-terminal Domain (NTD) and Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD). Analysis based on 2.8 million genomes aligned to Wuhan-Hu-1 (NC_045512.2). This resource enables researchers to track evolutionary trends, prioritize surveillance targets, and support vaccine and therapeutic development.