基于生态边界层理论的黄淮海平原林业生态系统工程技术

项目为应用基础型研究课题，是介于地球科学（气象学）与生命科学（农、林业生态学）之间的前沿交叉学科。研究人员汲取系统生态学、边界层气象学、系统优化理论等现代科学理论与方法，在边界层气象学与系统生态学之间建立了一支全新的边缘交叉学科 -生态边界层理论。生态边界层模式是一套能够携带下部陆地生态系统一起运行的边界层气象学Navier-Stokes方程组，主要研究森林、农田、农林复合体等高生产力陆地生态系统与低层大气间的水、热、动量交换和相互作用过程，以及变化了的近地层生态环境对作物生长的反馈机制，从而确定具有最佳系统结构、最大生产潜力、可持续发展的农、林作物配置方式及农业生产布局。通过长期定位和半定位试验，有针对性地开展了土壤可蚀性、渗透性以及防护林对土壤性状的改良和土壤生物活性等方面的研究，揭示了平原沙土区土壤侵蚀产沙机理，首次提出平原沙土区土壤侵蚀机理模型和侵蚀危险性评价模型 应用生态边界层和传统生态位理论，建立了乔、灌、草立体配置，网、带、片有机结合，持续高效的生态防护体系，率先研究了平原沙土区防护林的优化配置技术 针对该区土壤沙性大，沟、河、站、涵淤积严重等特点，创造性地研制了泵站进水池防淤、沟河排水防冲、坡面护岸等工程技术，有效地防止了水土流失和岸坡坍塌，形成了独具特色的平原农区水土流失综合防治技术体系。项目特点突出地表现在：1）注重理论工作的原始创新，形成了拥有自主知识产权的生态边界层理论 2）紧紧围绕国家关心的三农问题，结合平原农区面临的人口、资源、环境等方面的压力，提出了平原农区经济、社会可持续发展的技术途径和措施。依据沟、渠、田、林、路综合治理的指导方针，首先在苏、皖北部建立了持续、高效的林业生态系统工程示范区10余处，并由点到面，逐步推广，目前已在黄淮海平原中心地带形成了农、林配置结构科学、水土保持措施合理、高效稳定的平原林业生态系统工程3800万亩，产生了巨大的社会、生态和经济效益。项目阶段性成果先后获江苏省科技进步二等奖3项，共完成论文98篇，研究专著6部。

This project is an applied basic research initiative, a cutting-edge interdisciplinary frontier between earth science (meteorology) and life science (agricultural and forestry ecology). Researchers have integrated modern scientific theories and methodologies including systems ecology, boundary layer meteorology, and system optimization theory to establish a novel marginal interdisciplinary field—ecological boundary layer theory—between boundary layer meteorology and systems ecology.
The ecological boundary layer model refers to a set of boundary layer meteorological Navier-Stokes equations capable of coupling with the underlying terrestrial ecosystem. It primarily investigates the water, heat, and momentum exchange and interaction processes between high-productivity terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, farmlands, and agroforestry complexes and the lower atmosphere, as well as the feedback mechanisms of altered near-surface ecological environments on crop growth, so as to determine the optimal system structure, maximum production potential, and sustainable allocation patterns of agricultural and forestry crops as well as rational agricultural production layouts.
Through long-term fixed-point and semi-fixed-point experiments, targeted studies were conducted on soil erodibility, permeability, shelterbelt-induced improvements to soil properties, and soil biological activity. These studies uncovered the soil erosion and sediment yield mechanisms in plain sandy areas, and for the first time, proposed soil erosion mechanism models and erosion risk assessment models tailored to such regions.
By applying the ecological boundary layer theory and traditional niche theory, a sustainable and efficient ecological protection system was developed, featuring three-dimensional configurations of trees, shrubs, and grasses, and an organic integration of networks, belts, and patches. The optimal shelterbelt configuration technology for plain sandy areas was pioneered in this research.
In response to the region’s characteristics of highly sandy soil and severe siltation in ditches, rivers, pumping stations, and culverts, this study creatively developed engineering technologies including silt prevention for pump station intake pools, scouring prevention for ditch and river drainage, and slope revetment. These technologies effectively prevented soil erosion and bank collapse, forming a unique comprehensive technical system for soil and water loss control in plain agricultural areas.
The project has several distinct features:
1. Emphasis on original theoretical innovation, leading to the establishment of the ecological boundary layer theory with independent intellectual property rights.
2. Close alignment with national priorities regarding the "Three Rural Issues" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers). Combined with the pressures of population, resources, and environment faced by plain agricultural regions, this work proposed technical approaches and measures for the sustainable economic and social development of plain agricultural areas.
Following the guideline of comprehensive management of ditches, canals, farmlands, forests, and roads, over 10 sustainable and efficient forestry ecosystem engineering demonstration zones were first established in northern Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Scaling up from these pilot sites, a total of 38 million mu (approximately 2.52 million hectares) of forestry ecosystem engineering has been developed in the central Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, featuring scientific agroforestry allocation structures, reasonable soil and water conservation measures, and high efficiency and stability, generating substantial social, ecological, and economic benefits.
The phased achievements of this project have consecutively secured 3 Second Prizes of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award. A total of 98 academic papers and 6 research monographs have been published during the research.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于基于生态边界层理论的黄淮海平原林业生态系统工程技术，属于应用基础型研究课题，融合了地球科学和生命科学的交叉学科。数据集通过理论创新和实践应用，建立了生态防护体系和水土流失防治技术，已在黄淮海平原推广形成3800万亩的林业生态系统工程，具有显著的社会、生态和经济效益。