Comparisons of acoustic structures between sexes in a duetting, montane bird

Female song in birds is more widespread than previously thought, and studies across different species are critical for better understanding the entire evolutionary process of bird song. In this study, we recorded the songs of males and females in a duetting, montane bird species, the Elliot’s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii, across consecutive breeding seasons. We specifically focused on identifying the number and structure of different song types by males and females, and compared these acoustic structures between the sexes. Our findings revealed that both males and females sang sex-specific solos. More specifically, females sang a single type of solo that varied significantly in the number of notes, whereas males produced three different solos composed of 2, 3, or 4 notes, respectively. Female solos exhibited significantly more notes and longer song duration compared to males. Male solos typically had a significantly higher maximum frequency for the entire song. No significant ..., Study site and species
The fieldwork was conducted in the Lianhuashan Nature Reserve (34°58′16″ N, 103°45′30″ E; 2040 m a.s.l.), located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in central China. The study area is mainly composed of cultivated farmlands, open woodlands, and orchards, as well as abandoned fields dominated by scrub vegetation. Since 2013, we have been studying the ecology of the resident Elliot’s laughingthrush population at this site and each year, catch and colour-band males and females with a unique combination of colour rings for sex and individual identification. The sex of all marked individuals was determined by the swelling of the male gonads and differences in morphological size (Liu and Sun 2016).
Field observation and vocalization recording
From March 5 to May 20, 2021, and April 5 to June 13, 2022, we observed male and female singing behaviour every three days during suitable weather conditions. All observations were conducted between 08:00 and 11:00 ..., , # Comparisons of acoustic structures between sexes in a duetting, montane bird

[https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03249](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4kc)

Data for comparisons of temporal characteristics and frequency of male and female song. 

## Description of the data and file structure

Abbreviations in the data file:

* DurationS: duration of the whole song (s),
* Duration1: first note duration of a song (s),
* Note: number of notes within a song,
* Speed: the speed of the whole song (the number of notes within a song per second),
* MaxF: maximum frequency of the song (kHz),
* MinF: minimum frequency of the song (kHz),
* RangeF: frequency range of the song (kHz), 
* Max1: maximum frequency of the first note (kHz),
* Min1: minimum frequency of the first note (kHz),
* Range1: frequency range of the first note (kHz),
* Max0: maximum frequency of the last note (kHz),
* Min0: minimum frequency of the last note (kHz),
* Range0:  frequency range of the last note (kHz).Â