DNA methylation profiles in Taiwanese patients of Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) associated to Nephropathy (DN) and Retinopathy (DR)

There are the differential levels of methylation in the groups with and without complication to its control groups as non-diabetes and T2D without complication, two of which were classified into male and female, affects strictly the gene regulation to diabetic pathogenesis. To screen specific candidates for detecting classification of Type-2 Diabetes without or with retinopathy or nephropathy, the level of DNA methylation is the one of considerable factors to influence the differential gene expression was inspected involvement of chromosome modification. The information of homeostasis inside nucleus causes highly conserved control to gene regulation, which leads to chronic disease as Type-2 Diabetes to its complication. The blood samples were collected individually from the volunteer participants, were diagnosed to assign groups as non-diabetes, diabetes without complication, diabetes with proliferative retinopathic complication, diabetes with non-proliferative retinopathic complication and diabetes with nephropathic complication. The whole blood of individual sample was processed and analyzed with Human Promoter 1.0R Array by following the instructed protocol of Affymetrix company.