Pearson correlation coefficients of pathogen abundance within randomly sampled individual worker bees from colonies with an observable Nosema infection but no characteristics of CCD.

These samples tested whether pathogen covariation occurred at the level of individual Nosema-exposed bees, outside of a CCD context. N equals the number of co-infected bees upon which the correlation is calculated for each pathogen pair, out of a total of 77 bees tested. CBPV = Chronic bee paralysis virus; ABPV = acute bee paralysis virus; DWV = deformed wing virus; SBV = sacbrood virus; BQCV = black queen cell virus; IAPV = Israeli acute paralysis virus; NC = Nosema ceranae; NA = Nosema apis. Asterisk indicates a significant comparison after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.