BackgroundSeveral previous animal and human studies have found a strong association between asthma and spermatozoa quality, but whether these associations are causal or due to bias remains to be eluci
PurposeThe debate over the causal and longitudinal association between cystatin C and stroke in older adults persists. Our aim was to assess the link between cystatin C levels, both measured and genet
BackgroundRecent research linked changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolite concentrations to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the potential causal relationship remained unclear. There
BackgroundSeveral existing studies have shown a correlation between some of the blood and urine biomarkers and oral leukoplakia (OLK). However, the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. Th
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition, has a multifaceted etiology. Cathepsin-cysteine proteases situated within lysosomes participate in a range of
