Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of a new archosauriform reptile from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Germany

Skeletal remains of archosauriform reptiles from the Lower and lower Middle Triassic Buntsandstein Group in the Central European Basin are rare. This paper reports on a partial, almost completely disarticulated skeleton of a previously unknown archosauriform reptile from the lower Middle Triassic (Anisian) Röt Formation of Rotfelden in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). <i>Marcianosuchus angustifrons</i> gen. et sp. nov. is distinguished by the following combination of features: posterodorsal process of premaxilla slender, slightly inclined posterodorsally, and with rounded apex; posterodorsal surface of frontal covered by slightly diverging, fine longitudinal grooves; squamosal with distinct lateral ridge extending for entire length of element; teeth with proportionately small, weakly recurved crowns; humerus considerably shorter than femur; distal shaft of ischium rod-like, not plate-like; pubis with flat distal portion forming ‘pubic apron’: neural spines of posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with transversely greatly expanded apices that are Y-shaped in anterior or posterior view; dorsal vertebrae with centra taller dorsoventrally than long anteroposteriorly; dorsal osteoderms more or less rectangular in outline, longer anteroposteriorly than wide mediolaterally, with slightly rounded anterior and concave posterior margins and bearing dorsal ridge or eminence; and dorsal surfaces of osteoderms with unsculptured anterior region and posterior region bearing keel or eminence and covered by sculpturing of radially arranged grooves and pits. <i>Marcianosuchus angustifrons</i> represents the first definitive record of a non-archosaurian archosauriform from the Buntsandstein Group of Germany. Its body plan most closely resembles that of <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> among well-known non-archosaurian archosauriform reptiles, but the two taxa are clearly distinct.