Undernutrition among tribal children in Palghar district, Maharashtra, India

Background
Maharashtra is the richest Indian state. However, prevalence of undernutrition is unacceptably high in Maharashtra, particularly among the tribal children. In 2005, child malnutrition claimed as many as 718 lives in one single district namely Palghar. Even after a decade of double-digit economic growth, in 2016, more than 600 children died due to under-nutrition in the same district. The state then announced a slew of measures to address child malnutrition in tribal dominated areas. There has not been any study to check whether the nutritional scenario has improved since then in Palghar. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the magnitude of under-nutrition among the tribal children under six years of age, their dietary pattern and food practices in the Vikramgad block of Palghar District.
Methods
The study is based on a survey conducted among the 375 tribal households with children aged between 1 and 6 during April-June 2017. The sample was selected through a two-stage stratified random sampling. Both height and weight measurements were taken from each of the 375 children. The assessment of their nutritional status was carried out using the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standard. Besides, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to understand the independent effects of predictor variables on stunting, wasting and underweight.
Results
Our study level estimates suggest that 59% of children were stunted. The overall prevalence of wasting and underweight was 20% and 53% respectively. The dietary recall data revealed 83% of the children had consumed food belonging to only 3 groups. Further, the most common food eaten by the children was rice and dal (pulses). Only 13% of the children achieved a minimum level of diet diversity.