THE RISE OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE IN THE MEDIEVAL WORLD: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

This article examines the development of science, medicine, philosophy, and culture during the Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the contribution of Islamic civilization to world intellectual history. The study highlights the scientific achievements of the Muslim world in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, logic, and philosophy, as well as the activities of prominent scholars including Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Razi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Khaldun. The article also analyzes the role of major scientific centers such as Baghdad, Bukhara, Samarkand, Cairo, and Andalusia in the dissemination of knowledge. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of Islamic scientific and philosophical heritage on the European Renaissance and the formation of modern scientific thought. The research concludes that the intellectual legacy of medieval Islamic civilization remains an essential part of world culture and continues to retain its significance in contemporary scholarship.