Experimental studies of evolution have increased greatly in recent years, stimulated by the growing power of genomic tools. However, organismal fitness remains the ultimate metric for interpreting the
Density-dependent dispersal is a common dispersal strategy, mainly as a mechanism of escaping decreased fitness associated with high intra-specific competition. However, in group living species, high
Here we studied how the distribution of fitness effects changes over 15,000 generations of adaptation in the Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment. We compared the distribution of fitness effects in
